BERYL A. HOWELL, United States District Judge.
The plaintiff, Amber Kelsey, brings this action under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, as amended, 20 U.S.C. §§ 1400 et seq. ("IDEA"), against the District of Columbia seeking a reversal of a Hearing Officer Determination ("HOD") issued on July 18, 2013, by the District of Columbia Office of the State Superintendent of Education, Office of Review and Compliance, Student Hearing Office. The HOD awarded the plaintiff 96 hours of speech-language services by a certified speech pathologist as compensatory education services for the District of Columbia Public Schools' ("DCPS") failure to provide a free appropriate public education ("FAPE") between March 19, 2007 and June 2008.
The background of the present dispute has been described in the Report and Recommendation and by this Court in its prior decision in Clay v. District of Columbia, Memorandum and Order, No. 09-1612 (D.D.C. April 24, 2013), ECF No. 59. Previously, this Court ruled that the plaintiff "was denied a FAPE by the defendant during the period between March 19, 2007 and June 2008 because of the denial of speech therapy." Id. at 32. Specifically, "the defendant failed to implement [the plaintiff's] 2007 [Individualized Education Program], which required speech therapy for [the plaintiff]." Id. The case was remanded to a Hearing Officer to conduct "fact finding to establish the amount of speech and language therapy or other specialized instruction [the plaintiff was deprived in the period between March 19, 2007 and June 2008, and determine the level of compensatory education services [she] requires to place her in the same position she would have been but for DCPS' IDEA violations during the period at issue." Id. at 33. The Hearing Officer was instructed that any award "must at least compensate [the plaintiff] for the 11.6 hours of speech therapy that the DCPS concedes that [the plaintiff] was deprived." Id. at 43.
Upon remand, on June 12, 2013, a Hearing Officer for the District of Columbia, Office of the State Superintendent of Education, conducted a hearing to decide three issues:
AR at 5-6. At the hearing, the plaintiff offered the testimony of the plaintiff's grandmother, Annie Clay, see AR at 1028, and an expert, Jay Lucker, see AR at 1100.
In his 18-page opinion, the Hearing Officer first addressed the level of specialized speech services that the plaintiff
Next, the Hearing Officer determined that the plaintiff's school was in session for sixty-four weeks between March 19, 2007 and June 2008, which amounted to the denial of sixty-four hours of speech language services. Id. at 15-16. Rather than conclude the inquiry, and award sixty-four hours of speech-language services, the Hearing Officer examined the evidence to determine the level of compensation services necessary to place the plaintiff in the position she would have been but for the defendant's IDEA violations. The Hearing Officer credited the testimony of the plaintiff's expert, who noted that due to the plaintiff's "likely frustration," "resistance to learning," and the need to build confidence, would now require 1.5 hours of services for every hour of services missed previously. Id. at 17. Accordingly, rather than provide a compensatory award linked only to the number of hours the plaintiff was denied a FAPE, the Hearing Officer awarded the plaintiff 96 hours of speech language services (or 1.5 hours for each of the 64 hours otherwise missed). Id. at 20. The total award was approximately eight times the number of hours sought by the defendant. The compensatory education services to be provided include "instruction in phonemic awareness, general language comprehension, reading comprehension, sound-symbol association and such other speech-language deficits as may be decided appropriate by the provider and [the plaintiff]." Id.
The Magistrate Judge's Report and Recommendation would affirm the Hearing Officer, deny the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment, and grant the defendant's cross-motion for summary judgment. See Report and Recommendation. The Magistrate Judge determined that the Hearing Officer provided "a detailed, thorough analysis" of the case and the applicable issues and that his decision warranted "due weight." Id. at 11-12. Moreover, the Magistrate Judge found that the Hearing Officer appropriately focused on assessments and reports from the period at issue (March 2007 through June 2008). See id. at 13 ("[T]he Hearing Officer properly limited the scope of his review."). Similarly, the Magistrate Judge agreed with the Hearing Officer's decision to discount the plaintiff's expert's recommendation of five hours per week of speech-language services, stating that the recommendation "while ideal, ultimately, went too far" and was not required. Id. at 14. In total, the Magistrate Judge concluded that the Hearing Officer's "determination was ... reasonably calculated to compensate [the plaintiff] based on the evidence presented at the ... hearing" and that the plaintiff "has failed to discharge `the burden of persuading the court that the [H]earing [O]fficer was wrong.'" Id. at 12, 15 (citing Patterson v. District of Columbia, 965 F.Supp.2d 126, 130 (D.D.C. 2013)).
When, as here, the Court has referred a case for full case management, the Magistrate Judge determines all motions and matters that arise in the case, except for those matters specified in Local Civil Rule 72.3, for which the Magistrate Judge will report proposed findings of fact and a recommendation for disposition. LCvR 72.3. This Local Civil Rule is consistent with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 72(b), which provides for the referral of a pretrial matter "dispositive of a claim or defense" to a Magistrate Judge to hear and make a "recommended disposition." FED. R. CIV. P. 72(b); see also LCvR 72.3(a)(3) ("At the request of the district judge to whom the case is assigned, a magistrate judge may ... submit ... proposed findings of fact and recommendations for the disposition of ... motions for summary judgment...."). Upon submission of the Magistrate Judge's recommended disposition, a "district judge shall make a de novo determination of those portions of a magistrate judge's findings and recommendations to which [an] objection is made," based upon the record before the Magistrate Judge or based upon further evidence that the district judge may receive in a new hearing. LCvR 72.3(c). In this case, the plaintiff has filed objections to the report and its recommendations in its entirety, and this Court will thus review the Report and Recommendation de novo.
The parties in this case are seeking cross-motions for summary judgment based upon the administrative record available to an IDEA Hearing Officer.
Although seeking judicial review of an administrative agency's decision by way of a summary judgment motion "is permissible under the IDEA, it is not a true summary judgment procedure. Instead, the district court essentially conduct[s] a bench trial based on a stipulated record." Ojai Unified Sch. Dist. v. Jackson, 4 F.3d 1467, 1472 (9th Cir.1993); see also S.B. v. District of Columbia, 783 F.Supp.2d 44, 50 (D.D.C.2011) ("As no new evidence has been submitted here, the Court will treat the parties' cross motions for summary judgment as motions for judgment based on the administrative record."). In other words, rather than applying the typical standard applicable to a summary judgment motion, which may be granted "if the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law," FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a); Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986); Estate of Parsons v. Palestinian Auth., 651 F.3d 118, 123 (D.C.Cir.2011), the Court in an IDEA case conducts a summary adjudication, Phillips v. District of Columbia, 736 F.Supp.2d 240, 246 (D.D.C.2010) ("If no additional evidence is introduced by the parties in a civil suit seeking review of an administrative decision, a motion for summary judgment operates as a motion for judgment based on the evidence comprising the record.") (alterations and internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Thomas v. District of Columbia, 407 F.Supp.2d 102, 109 (D.D.C. 2005)); District of Columbia v. Ramirez, 377 F.Supp.2d 63, 66-67 (D.D.C.2005).
The court must resolve factual disputes based upon its own de novo review of the record and evaluation of the preponderance of the evidence, giving "due weight" to the findings of the IDEA Hearing Officer, depending upon the thoroughness and reasonableness of the administrative proceedings. See Bd. of Educ. of Hendrick Hudson Cent. Sch. Dist. v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176, 206, 102 S.Ct. 3034, 73 L.Ed.2d 690 (1982); Doe, 611 F.3d at 897; see also Roark ex rel. Roark v. District of Columbia, 460 F.Supp.2d 32, 38 (D.D.C. 2006).
"`Compensatory education involves discretionary, prospective, injunctive
The plaintiff contends that the Hearing Officer failed to consider relevant probative evidence and instead substituted a one-sentence "ipse dixit" in favor of the individualized assessment required under Reid. See Pl.'s Obj. at 3, 13. Specifically, the plaintiff argues that the Hearing Officer arbitrarily selected and ignored relevant evidence and improperly discounted the testimony of her expert witness that the plaintiff should have been entitled to five hours of speech-language services per week from March 19, 2007 through June 2008.
The Hearing Officer conducted a thorough and reasonable analysis of the evidence and his conclusion that the "preponderance of evidence establishes that... the provision of 60 minutes per week of speech-language services ... would have been reasonably calculated to provide [the plaintiff] educational benefits" is entitled to due weight. AR at 15.
Contrary to the plaintiff's contention, the Hearing Officer did not exclude any evidence from consideration but instead focused his inquiry on the evidence relating to the period from March 2007 through June 2008, the period of time during which the plaintiff was denied a FAPE. Although the plaintiff faults the Hearing Officer for not explicitly consider the plaintiff's test scores from November 2006, AR at 113-123, and January 2008, AR at 166-177, when making his award, those test scores did not provide a recommendation regarding the specific educational services to be provided to the plaintiff.
Likewise, the Hearing Officer did not arbitrarily and exclusively rely on the plaintiff's August 2007 speech-language evaluation and September 15, 2008 IEP. As an initial matter, an evaluation and recommendation by a speech language pathologist during the relevant time period is highly probative of the services the plaintiff should have received during that same period of time. Moreover, the Hearing Officer specifically compared the recommendation contained in the August 2007 speech-language evaluation against other probative evidence. Indeed, the Hearing Officer expressly noted the inconsistencies between the level of services to be provided in the plaintiff's September 20, 2007 IEP (one-half hour per week) and the level of services recommended by the plaintiff's August 2007 speech-language evaluation (one hour per week). AR at 14. As a result, the Hearing Officer rejected the plaintiff's September 20, 2007 IEP and instead adopted the one-hour per week recommendation of the August 2007 speech-language evaluation. Id. Such analysis was not arbitrary but considered.
The plaintiff also faults the Hearing Officer for considering the plaintiff's September 15, 2008 IEP, which provided for one-hour of speech-language services per week, but not considering the plaintiff's subsequent October 23, 2008 IEP, which increased the increased the number of speech-language services to three hours
Finally, the plaintiff argues that the Hearing Officer improperly discounted the testimony of the plaintiff's expert, Dr. Lucker. Dr. Lucker testified that "in order to make up for the four years behind or to get to the seventh-grade level, [the plaintiff] would have needed [one] hour a day five days a week of speech language services." AR at 1170. The Hearing Officer "discount[ed] this opinion because [Dr. Lucker] applied an incorrect standard." AR at 14. The IDEA was designed "to open the door of public education to handicapped children on appropriate terms" and not "to guarantee any particular level of education once inside." Rowley, 458 U.S. at 192, 102 S.Ct. 3034; see also Kerkam v. McKenzie, 862 F.2d 884, 886 (D.C.Cir. 1989) ("[P]roof that loving parents can craft a better program than a state offers does not, alone, entitle them to prevail under the Act."); Carlisle Area School v. Scott P. ex rel. Bess P., 62 F.3d 520, 532 (3d Cir.1995) ("[T]he district need not provide the optimal IEP ...." (emphasis in original)); see also N.T. v. District of Columbia, 839 F.Supp.2d 29, 33 (D.D.C.2012) ("While the District of Columbia is required to provide students with a public education, it does not guarantee any particular outcome or any particular level of education."). Rowley requires the provision of an educational environment "reasonably calculated to enable the child to receive educational benefits." 458 U.S. at 207, 102 S.Ct. 3034. Dr. Lucker's opinion, by contrast, more closely approximates "the potential-maximizing standard that Rowley forbids." Kerkam, 862 F.2d at 889; see also A.I. ex rel. Iapalucci v. District of Columbia, 402 F.Supp.2d 152, 167 (D.D.C.2005) ("[A] court must not focus on whether the DCPS is maximizing [a plaintiff's] potential through its proposed ... IEP; rather, the appropriate focus of the court's review should be on whether DCPS is providing [the plaintiff] with an IEP that is reasonably calculated to produce meaningful educational benefit."). The Hearing Officer acted properly in discounting the opinion of the plaintiff's expert regarding the services that should have been provided by DCPS between March 19, 2007 and June 2008.
Consistent with the Report and Recommendation, the plaintiff has failed in her burden of "persuading the court that the Hearing Officer was wrong." Reid, 401 F.3d at 521 (internal quotations omitted).
The plaintiff also asserts that the Hearing Officer failed to comply with the requirements of Reid, and instead made a compensatory award in a single sentence "ipse dixit." See Pl.'s Obj. at 13. Reid rejected a "cookie cutter approach" that presumes "that each hour without FAPE entitles the student to one hour of compensatory instruction," 401 F.3d at 523, in favor of a "qualitative, fact-intensive" inquiry "tailored to the unique needs of the disabled student." Branham, 427 F.3d at 9 (discussing Reid). In the present case, the Hearing Officer made the appropriate individualized determination. Rather than merely awarding the plaintiff an hour for each hour that she was denied a FAPE, the Hearing Officer sought to "place [the plaintiff] in the same position [she] would have occupied but for the school district's violations of IDEA." Reid, 401 F.3d at 518. Based on the testimony of the plaintiff's expert, the Hearing Officer concluded that the plaintiff would need "1.5 hours of services for every hour of services she missed, provided by a professional speech language therapist who has experience with working with older students." AR 17. In addition to reviewing (and accepting) the testimony of the plaintiff's expert, the Hearing Officer also noted that subsequent evaluations continued to increase the number of hourly services recommended for the plaintiff, further suggesting increased difficulties by the plaintiff in learning the material.
For the foregoing reasons, and consistent with the Report and Recommendation, the plaintiff's motion for summary judgment is denied and the defendant's cross-motion for summary judgment is granted. An appropriate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.